Degenerative intervertebral disc diseases are one of the pathologies frequently encountered in current neurosurgery practice. In this article, it is aimed to examine degenerative processes and regenerative treatment methods at the cellular level in intervertebral disc tissue. In this context, modern therapeutic approaches including proteins, growth factors, cell and gene therapies are reviewed. Also, different types of stem cells used for implantation in IVD; Examples of small molecules used to alter the fate of stem cells to differentiate into chondrocytes and notochordial cell types are presented. In conclusion, this review highlights regenerative medicine-based approaches in intervertebral disc degeneration.