Degenerative processes in the spine and the clinical conditions that result from degeneration play a significant role in neurosurgical practice. The prevention of intervertebral disc degeneration and the promotion of regeneration have emerged as research topics of interest in the treatment of spine pathologies associated with degenerative processes. Understanding the pathophysiology of degenerative disc disease is important not only for enhancing the effectiveness of current treatments but also for developing innovative techniques to reverse the degenerative processes in the discs. New biological approaches are being investigated for controlling the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration and regenerative treatment strategies. These approaches, commonly referred to as regenerative medicine, include growth factor, gene and cell-based therapies, endogenous progenitors, small molecule-based treatments, and biomaterials. This article aims to review the current research on intervertebral disc regeneration.