Despite its high prevalence, there is currently no effective treatment for disc disease due to limited understanding of the intervertebral disc at the cellular and molecular level. Recent research on the regression, prevention or regeneration of disc degeneration has focused on intracellular signaling pathways. In this review; the focus is on manipulation of gene and protein expressions of targeted signaling pathways in order to restore healthy disc structure and function to pathologies in degenerating intervertebral discs, which is seen as a promising treatment modality in the future.