Low back pain is considered a major global health issue, often attributed to intervertebral disc degeneration. Treatment options include conservative therapies and surgical techniques. While spinal fusion surgery is commonly used, it can present complications such as adjacent segment degeneration. Dynamic stabilization systems have emerged as an alternative to fusion, aiming to preserve motion in the spinal segment. These systems are classified into pedicle screw-based and interspinous spacers. They offer various advantages and disadvantages, yielding different outcomes in clinical applications. Studies indicate that dynamic systems can reduce segmental motion and stress on adjacent segments. Careful consideration of these systems based on the patient`s condition is essential in surgical planning. Despite the specific advantages of dynamic stabilization over rigid systems, further research on their long-term effects is warranted.