Endoscopic lumbar discectomy is an increasingly used technique in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation in recent years. In order to perform endoscopic transforaminal lumbar discectomy with high success and low complication rates, it is of great importance to recognize the surgical anatomy of the lumbar intervertebral foramen. The boundaries of the safe anatomical region defined by Kambin, called Kambin`s triangle, define the working area in endoscopic transforaminal surgery. In this review, the anatomical features of the lumbar intervertebral foramen are analyzed from a surgical perspective with data obtained from cadaveric studies.