In lumbar spine surgery, the posterior approach is the most commonly used method by spine surgeons. Minimally invasive techniques that are rapidly becoming widespread aim at early functional recovery, minimal trauma, less blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and minimal scarring. One of the most important factors that enhances the success of these methods is a thorough understanding of the anatomical structures within the working area and their relationships with each other. The width of the interlaminar space, the course of the nerve root, the intervertebral disc space, and the type of herniation, as well as the relationships between these structures, should be well-known and meticulously evaluated on a per-patient basis. With advancing age, decrease in intervertebral disc height, facet hypertrophy, and degenerative changes in the ligamentum flavum indicate that the anatomy of the interlaminar space dynamically changes. Additionally, for successful minimal lumbar decompression surgery, individual anatomy should be reviewed on 3D/CT and MRI, and goals should be determined.