The concept of surgical intervention for herniated discs dates back to the early 1900s. Towards the 1970s, with the use of microscopes in spinal surgery, the era of microdiscectomy began. Microscopic lumbar discectomy; It is the gold standard operation in lumbar disc surgery for herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP). In the last 40 years, with the developments in technology, more minimally invasive and endoscopic procedures have become popular in Neurosurgery, as in other surgical branches. In the consensus published by AOSpine in 2020, interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy began to be called IELD. In this section, indications, anatomical tips and surgical technical issues for IELD will be shared. As anesthesia; General anesthesia or spinal anesthesia may be preferred. The entry site is determined under antero-posterior (AP) scopy. Entry should be made medially through a skin and fascia incision of approximately 0.5 cm. Then, the dilator is directed towards the facet joint and the bone tissue is felt. Then, lateral scopy control should be performed with a c-arm and it should be ensured that the spinal canal is not entered. The oblique-mouth working cannula is placed with its opening facing the midline. The dilator is removed and the endoscope is inserted. The imaging system settings are made under constant pressurized saline washing and the endoscopic surgery part begins. As a result, the interlaminar approach is a surgical technique that can be successfully applied at all required distances, especially pathologies at the L5-S1 level.