Although the inception of lumbar endoscopic discectomy extends back to the 1970s, it was not until the year 2000 that the endoscope currently in use, capable of simultaneous irrigation, imaging, and manipulation, was approved and introduced. Furthermore, the protocol for the transforaminal lumbar discectomy approach was established in 2002. On the other hand, since 2006, the interlaminar approach has started to gain popularity, with the initial classification and definitions for migrated herniations and far lateral herniations being made in 2006/2007. From these years onwards, the spectrum of indications for lumbar endoscopic discectomy applications has expanded, interventions have become widespread, and it has begun to take the place of the microdiscectomy approach. The broadening of indication spectrum has, as is the case with every new surgical approach, led to the emergence of new complications previously unseen. This review article attempts to address the complications that can be encountered in lumbar transforaminal endoscopic discectomy interventions, and the methods of avoidance and treatment in the light of our own experiences and literature information.