Miyelomeningocele is a form of spina bifida characterized by an open vertebral column, typically in the lumbosacral region, leading to the protrusion of the spinal cord through a skin defect. It represents the most severe manifestation of spinal dysraphism, arising from the failure of neural tube closure during embryological development. The exposed neural tissue undergoes degeneration, resulting in varying degrees of weakness, sensory loss, urinary/fecal incontinence, and various symptoms and signs depending on the level of the lesion. Additionally, it may lead to the formation of a sac-like structure when cerebrospinal fluid compresses the exposed nerve tissue ventrally, often accompanied by Chiari Type 2 malformation and hydrocephalus. Various diagnostic methods are employed for detection, and treatment strategies are continually evolving and expanding. Despite being a rare malformation, the etiology of myelomeningocele is attributed to various genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors, and its exact cause remains incompletely understood.