It is suggested in the literature that Cutibacterium acnes may cause degeneration of intervertebral disc tissue, possibly due to the mediation of signaling pathways associated with low-grade infection and inflammation. Studies have shown the presence of Cutibacterium acnes in degenerated discs. However, the exact mechanism and causality are still debated. In this review, we aimed to convey the conflicting information in the literature regarding this complex relationship by discussing the relationship between bacteria and disc degeneration and their potential consequences for treatment/protection against it.